Benjamin Cleveland

TitleColonel

War & AffiliationRevolutionary War / Patriot

Date of Birth - DeathMay 28, 1738 – October 1806

After the British victory at the Battle of Camden in August 1780, British Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis dispatched Major Patrick Ferguson to the western reaches of the Carolinas. His task was to recruit members to fight for the Loyalist militia and protect Cornwallis’s left flank as he attempted to move through the Carolinas to the ire of southern Patriots like Benjamin Cleveland.

Born in Prince William County, Virginia, Cleveland moved to North Carolina, in 1769 when he was thirty-one years old. Once the first shots were fired and Lexington and Concord, Cleveland joined the local militia; he was mustered as a lieutenant in the Surry County Regiment, eventually gaining the rank of colonel. Since British forces were concentrating in New England early in the war, much of the fighting Cleveland engaged in was guerrilla warfare, where local patriots and loyalists skirmished in smaller confrontations. Reportedly, Cleveland became known as the “Terror of the Tories” for his rough treatment of local Loyalists. In 1779, two Loyalists looted the home of a local Patriot, George Wilfong, robbing his home, stealing his clothesline, and chasing away his horses. Angered at these actions, Cleveland and other local Patriots captured the men, hanged one of them and letting the other go, only after he was forced to cut off one of his ears. As the situation escalated, Captain William Riddle of the local Loyalist militia kidnapped Cleveland from his estate. When the local Patriot militia learned of this kidnap, they located Cleveland, stole him back, and kidnapped, in turn, Riddle and two other Loyalist soldiers, eventually hanging them all from a tree behind the old Wilkes County courthouse. This episode shows the war’s brutality between the Loyalist and Patriot forces in the Southern Colonies.

Ferguson, who recruited new Loyalist militiamen by force and harassed Patriot forces and civilians as he entered the colonies in June 1780. Because of this aggression, several local patriot militias of the region led by William Campbell, John Sevier, Joseph McDowell, William Hill, Edward Lacy, Benjamin Cleveland, Joseph Winston, William Chronicle, and Isaac Shelby decided to take on Ferguson and his men. The two sides met at the Battle of Kings Mountain on October 7, 1780, where Patriot forces defeated Ferguson and his men. During the confrontation, Ferguson was killed, and Cleveland took as a prize his white stallion.

After the American Revolution, Cleveland moved to South Carolina and became a commissioner in the Pendleton District. He died at his home in Oconee County, South Carolina, in 1806.