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Print shows James Madison, head-and-shoulders portrait, facing slightly right. Includes facsimile signature.

War of 1812 | Primary Source

James Madison’s Second Inaugural Address

President James Madison declared war on Great Britain only several months before he sought reelection in the presidential election of 1812. DeWitt...

War of 1812 | Primary Source

US House of Representatives, Committee on Foreign Relations:

Reported to the House of Representatives, June 3, 1812 Mr. Calhoun, from the committee of Foreign Relations, to whom was referred the message of the...

War of 1812 | Primary Source

James Madison: War Message to Congress

To the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States: I communicate to Congress certain documents, being a continuation of those heretofore...

This is a drawing of a blank, open journal and a quill.

War of 1812 | Primary Source

Alexander Cochrane: Proclamation

PROCLAMATION OF VICE ADMIRAL SIR ALEXANDER F.I. COCHRANE, R.N. By the Honorable Sir ALEXANDER COCHRANE, K.B. Vice Admiral of the Red, and Commander in...

This is a sketch of three Union soldiers traveling by horseback.

War of 1812 | Primary Source

James Monroe to Thomas Jefferson: “The President in Peril”

Dear Sir From the date of my last letter to you the President has been ill of a bilious fever; of that kind called the remittent. It has perhaps never...

War of 1812 | Primary Source

Moses Smith: from “Naval Scenes in the Last War.”

In his 1846 memoir “Naval Scenes in the Last War,” Moses Smith, a seaman aboard the USS Constitution, recounts the confrontation between the USS...

Sketched illustration of the signing of the Declaration of Independence

War of 1812 | Primary Source

William Hull: Proclamation

By WILLIAM HULL, Brigadier General and commander of the North Western Army of the United States. A PROCLAMATION. INHABITANTS of CANADA! After thirty...

Satirical illustration attacking the Hartford Convention

War of 1812 | Primary Source

Amendments to the Constitution Proposed by the Hartford Convention : 1814

Unhappy with the War of 1812, New England Federalists met in Hartford, Connecticut, to propose amendments to the Constitution to lessen the Southern...

War of 1812 | Primary Source

Corner Laying Ceremony for the Perry’s Victory and International Peace Memorial

Oration delivered by Hon. Rufus P. Spalding during the corner laying ceremony for Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial. This memorial...

War of 1812 | Primary Source

Chase Clough Details the 1814 Niagara Campaign to His Wife

The Niagra Campaign was the American 1813-1814 infiltration of Canada on the Niagra peninsula after the British captured Fort Niagra on December 19...

War of 1812 | Primary Source

British Secretary of the Admiralty John W. Croker’ letter to Admiral John Borlase Warren Detailing British Naval Supremacy and Tactics During the War of 1812

After the defeat of HMS Guerriere on August 19, 1812, and the HMS Java on December 29, 1812, British Secretary of Admiralty John W. Corker reassures...

War of 1812 | Primary Source

U.S. Secretary of the Navy’s General Order on Curbing Rampant Smuggling to the Enemy

Smuggling was common throughout the War of 1812 and, even with military intervention, continued throughout the duration of the war. The palpable and...